Post 3 November 30, 2012

What are you going to take from this class that will be helpful to you in future endeavors?

I have learned so much from this class. I still am not the best at public speaking, but now I know the secret weapon to make my speech very interesting and how to reach the goal of my speech. This class has taught me to confident in my speaking ability, and as long as I share with something what I think, I should not worry what others think. I am still nervous before every speech but I feel so much more comfortable now, because I obtained different skills to attract attention of the audience and I really happy to realize that I have all knowledge for my next speeches. I will definitely keep my public speaking book at home as my direction and instruction for preparation my future speeches, because I understand  that I have to review this wonderful book again and again and sharp my skills. I think that this class was only the beginning of our education in this area and it's a good base for continuing developing our ability and quality of speaking. The book was really easy to read, and it was full of a lot of useful information. This class was my first class in the Sierra College, and it has made me so much more confident in my speaking abilities. The teacher was awesome and she helped me to see my weaknesses, and I will work on my time during the speech.    

Post 2 November 28

Which speech was your favorite and why?

My favorite speech was a tribute speech because I got A for this speech))) But if to be serious I like this type of speech because it is a good opportunity to honor somebody for something they've done, for who they are, for they've been in life. Such people who worthy of praise don't like to show off and cry out to everyone about their achievements but they need to hear that somebody sees their work, their passion and they are very useful for community. Through the speech of tribute I am able to give credit, respect, admiration or inspiration to a person who has accomplished something significant, lives in a way that deserves to be praised. If you don't have any opportunity to practice your public speech with tribute speech it's more easier because there are a lot of different events where everybody can practice their speech such as: weddings, anniversaries, retirements, even family birthday parties. I like a tribute speech because it's easy to be simple, to be oneself. The rules for giving an effective speech of tribute are flexible. You can give a tribute speech in different way, for example it can be written in manuscript form and read to the audience or it can be presented contemporaneously. We can sharp our skillfulness through the tribute speech.

Post 1 November 26

What concept or concepts from the class do you thing were the most helpful in preparing your speeches?

       I've read all chapters of the book and I think one concept about developing my purpose and topic from the class was the most helpful in preparing my speeches. When I talk with other people I usually have a goal, or purpose, in mind. We can try to make them understand an idea we have or to influence their opinion about a subject or motivate them to do something. I understand that having a well-defined purpose is especially important in pubic speaking. And four  key steps make up the early part of speech preparation is very helpful:

- first, you determine your general purpose.

- second, you evaluate and select your speech topic.

- third, you combine your general purpose and topic to identify your specific purpose.

- fourth, you phrase the thesis of your speech as you develop your topic. 

We have to define the general purpose of our speech. The general purpose refers to our overall goal and answers the questions, "what do I want my speech to do?". I have never thought about types of speech, but the general purpose of the speech typically corresponds to one of the most common types of speeches: informative, persuasive, or entertaining. When I understand what type of speech is mine I can make up my speech faster and easier. Keeping the general purpose in mind I can develop my speech.

Post 3 Chapter 15,16

Speech Buddy: Review the following Interactive Videos, 15.1, "Schooling: Pro" and "Schooling: Con" on the Interactive Video Website. Respond to the ideas in the videos. What did you learn that could be helpful in your speech? What types of appeals were used? How did the speaker connect with the audience?

       In Schooling: Pro, the speaker gives a persuasive speech about the pros of home schooling. She connects with her audience by starting with a narrative which appealed to our emotions, specifically, our need for safety. She established her credibility by stating that she had done extensive research, then she used a problem/solution method to persuade: the public system is failing, home schooling is the solution. Her three main points were that homeschooling avoids the violence of public schools, which again appeals to our need for safety; the flexibility of homeschooling; and how homeschooling builds strong family relations—the last two points appeal to our self-actualization needs. 

       I understand her point, but I think her emphasis that public schools aren't safe was a little over the top. Violence also happens in post offices and shopping malls! It did not seem like a validated argument—no statistics given to support the claim! 

       I like her acknowledgement of the opposition’s points, this is something I would like to use in my speech. She summarized with a review of her points and was really a good speaker. 

       In Schooling: con, I agree that I don’t feel like I would be qualified to teach my kids everything they need to know in every subject. Personally I don't have any experience in home school education and I know that my parent couldn't provide me enough time for my education, but I'm thankful to my parents that they have tracked the quality of my education, how I did my homework and how much time I've spent doing my homework. 

       Personally I'm for the school education, children have to do their homework at home. I don't know what will be in future, maybe I will change my mind because my kids are too small. But I think the best way to find the scholarship for education and enroll kids to the private christian school.

Post 2 Chapter 15, 16

Reflect on a recent discussion you've had in which you tried to persuade others to accept your point of view. What types of reasoning did you use? How well did your reasoning work?

Recently I have had discussion on the topic how cartoons effect children and my relatives wanted to impose me their point of view.

I have a firm position in this issues and I think I have used causal reasoning. I tries to use the causal reasoning in four ways: to explain why something happened, to identify who's responsible for something, to determine whether people can control an event, and to predict what might occur in the future. In all of these cases, I wanted to show the cause of something. We have argued that one action or event resulted in another. For example in the cartoon "Monsters vs. Aliens  children see funny captivated images of the characters but at night time in the dream they can cry because they can see these cartoon's image. We don't know how it works but our subconscious folds everything and after this we have different phobias.   

We can predict a future of these children. If they watch crucial or stupid cartoons without any sense they it can effect their view of life or make an influence on their character.

When I use causal reasoning, I think carefully about what the true causes of an event or action are. For example, does violence in cartoons cause children to disobey their parents? I'm not sure how well my reasoning worked because we are left with our opinions but I wasn't satisfied. I know that I can not prove anything but I feel like I was right. I think the time will show us who was right.  

Post 1 Chapter 15,16

Pick one concept from the reading this week and discuss it in detail.

I want to write about tribute speech from the chapter 16. 

What exactly is a Tribute Speech? 

Let's start be considering exactly what is a Tribute speech. A Tribute speech is written to provide interesting and useful information an expression of esteem, to show thanks or respect to a person or a group of people and increase the knowledge of your audience on the subject. The subject may be historical or modern, famous or unknown, dead or alive. The phrase "to pay tribute" often means "to praise or laud" and this type of speech should be written to create and encourage a deep sense of admiration and respect for the subject.

The Main Elements to Writing a Tribute Speech
The main elements to writing a successful and effective Tribute speech are to convey a sense of admiration and respect for the subject :
1. Knowledge of the subject - Establish credibility by demonstrating knowledge of the subject and conveying information and reasons as to why your subject is praiseworthy
2. Accomplishments of the subject - Make it clear what the subject has accomplished and the difference that the subject has made to others
3. Key Points - Repeat all the Key points and build interest by conveying the tribute with enthusiasm and including unusual facts, quotes or anecdotes about the subject
4. Conveying admiration and respect - Your objective is to ensure that at the end of your Tribute speech that your audience believes that the subject is praiseworthy
The Structure and Outline of a Tribute Speech
1. Your Opener - the opening, ice-breaker or attention grabber
2. Introduction - Tell them about who the the subject of your speech is and why you have chosen them
3. Knowledge - convey information and reasons as to why your subject is praiseworthy
4. Accomplishments - Make it clear what the subject has accomplished and the difference that the subject has made to others
5. Confirmation & Significance - Confirm and repeat the key points emphasizing the significance of the accomplishments
6. Conclusion - Try to end with a memorable punch line or positive statement as to why the subject is praiseworthy

Post 3 Chapter 14

     How are you immersed in a sea of persuasion? Give some examples of persuasive messages you've received in interpersonal, public speaking, and mass media contexts. What can you do to become a more critical consumer or persuasive messages? 

   

     Every day we encounter with people, mass media, news, movies who are trying to persuade us and change our point of view. In the church we can listen to the preaches about God and relationship with Him according with the Bible and we have to check the information based on the Holy Bible, not on the experience of someone. We have to be very careful because it touches our soul and spiritual life. Same thing with mass media we are surrounded by the different commercial and news who tries to influence on our mind or scary us and we want to buy something what will relieve the pain or satisfy our needs. We have to know what we really need and what is only the way of their approach of our consciousness  We like when we listen to people who is talking about liberty, safety for our children and offer different programs and we are ready to listen to this people and react as they want us to do it. I believe to become a critical consumer or persuasive messages we have to be aware about everything, to find our point of view and stand up for our opinion. Nobody has to impose me their reasoning and type of thinking. If this touch of my family I want to know what is good and bad for my family because I' m the cleaner of information and I have to separate clean from unclean because I'm responsible for this. And this world will definitely do everything to impose their system of values, they want me to enslave in their model of behavior and thinking. 

Post 2 Chapter 14

Discuss Monroe's Motivated Sequence and the Problem/Solution organizational pattern in detail. Explain which organizational pattern you would prefer to use for the final speech in this course. (This may take a google search of the terms: "Monroe's Motivated Sequence", and "Problem Solution Pattern" in order to better understand each organizational pattern.)

          The Monroe’s Motivated Sequence (MMS) motivate your audience to respond to your speech the way you want them to, you organize your speech in such a way  that you lead your audience through a five-step thought process that encourages them to agree with you and take action. When you use this organizational pattern, you focus clearly on what you want the audience to think and do every step of the way throughout your speech.
          The sequence contains five distinct steps:
(1) Attention (get the attention of your audience),
(2) Need (describe the problem, demonstrate a need for change),
(3) Satisfaction (present a practical, and concise solution),
(4) Visualization (allow your audience to picture the results),
(5) Action (request immediate action from your audience).
          In contrast, the Problem Solution Pattern does not necessarily utilize visualization and emphasis on how action can be taken to actually help the solution come true (as in the MMS) but using this pattern successfully requires clearly establishing the problem's existence. Once the audience is convinced the problem exists, they will listen to your suggested solution, which must also seem reasonable.
         I like both patterns, but for my persuasive speech about global warmth I'd like to use problem-solution pattern of organization. I think it fits easily with my topic because it is a big problem and I have to propose a solution. This organizational pattern is pretty simple, problem-solution. Maybe this organization pattern would be easy to organize. Closely related to the problem-solution pattern of organization is the Monroe Motivated Sequence. Alan Monroe developed this sequence in the 1930s as a way to organize sales presentations. This sequence is widely seen in television and radio advertisement today. 

Post 1 Chapter 14

What can we do if our audience is apathetic to the speech?
In problem-solution you argue that there is a problem...you explain it...give proof to it! You must show a need. Who is involved, how widespread is it? How long has it existed, where, when, etc. Give details to prove it. Not only that, show us how WE are involved in the problem...adapt to the audience to help us see that we are connected to the issue. If you can not find any way in which we are connected...then you have not narrowed the topic effectively and have not adapted to the audience in a meaningful way.
        Next, give us a specific way to solve the problem. Here you will show the plan and the practicality. You will need to be specific. NEVER just say "we need to educate ourselves" or "pass a law" without mentioning any specifics!!! Give proof that your solution will work. Be specific, better yet, find and cite a model solution. Where have they passed such a law. HOW CAN WE BE INVOLVED???
        A problem-solution pattern divides information into two main sections, one that describes a problem and one that describes a solution. This pattern is typically used in persuasive writing, where the writer's general purpose is to convince the reader to support a certain course of action. The pattern is designed to compel the reader to make some kind of change in opinion or behavior by establishing that a problem exists, then providing a solution. In the problem section, the writer identifies different aspects of the problem being discussed and offers evidence of these problems. In the solution section, the writer identifies a potential solution and supports the effectiveness of this solution over others.
        

Post 3 Chapter 10,12

While watching the speech buddy videos, I learned a good new things, at the same times some things that they talked about I already knew. I want to practice my speech and it's good to use inclusive language and to choose words that don't privilege one group over another. Noninclusive language promotes discrimination and stereotyping, even if the speaker's word choices are unintentional. During your speech we can try to spark our audience’s imagination by telling a story, other words we can send invitations to imagine and humor. Invitations to imagine ask listeners to create a scene or situation in their minds. Humor is a very important part of speaking, but don’t overuse it.
Be sure to balance your facial expressions.
Practicing your speech is a great tool to help decrease anxiety the day of presenting.
Chapter 10 was about audience centered language. Language geared toward our audience helps us get message across in a way that resonates with them. Your success as a speaker depends in part on using words that appeal to your audience. Put the language in context. We have to show why do we use these words for this topic and connect our topic with the real meaning of the words.

Delivering the speech like in the video we have to pay attention to our volume and tone of voice. I have the problem sometimes I may use verbal fillers without providing any information, but I don't want to hurt my credibility and I have to tell my speech using vocal variety to evoke emotions in the audience.

Post 2 Chapter 10,12

Read the discussion on Flickr regarding sexist language at:http://www.flickr.com/groups/flickrideas/discuss/72157603414562419/     How do you respond to their comments in light of what your textbook says?

Public speakers are more effective when they avoid sexist language.

A. Avoiding sexist language is a matter of accuracy in public speaking. 1. In today’s world, most gender stereotypes are outdates and incorrect.

2. Being accurate in such matters is just as important as being accurate in other aspects of language.

B. Avoiding sexist language is also vital to audience adaptation.

1. Almost every audience a speaker addresses will include people-men and women alike-who are offended by sexist language.

2. In this respect, as in others, an effective speaker will adjust to the values and expectations of the audience.

C. There are four nonsexist usages that have become so widely accepted that no aspiring speaker can afford to ignore them.

1. The first usage is to avoid the generic “he.”

2. The second usage is to avoid “man” when referring to both men and women.

3. The third usage is to avoid stereotyping jobs and social roles by gender.

4. The fourth usage is to avoid unnecessary or patronizing gender labels.

The You Attitude means avoiding language that discriminates because 

of gender, age, disability, ethnicity/race, and sexual orientation 

We can also avoid biased language that pigeon-holes people for other things besides culture that they don't necessarily have control over, including gender, race, religion, handicaps, and age. 

Can you see the bias in these sentences? 

‰ Any applicant for the position of fireman must submit a medical report signed by his physician. 

‰ Let's try harder to meet our older customers' demands for personalized service. 

‰ Despite her cerebral palsy, Cheryl Kama was promoted to office manager. 

The biggest problem with these sentences is that they focus on something that really has nothing to do with a person's ability to do a job successfully. Here are the sentences, corrected and explained: 

‰ Any applicant Applicants for the position of fireman firefighter must submit a medical report signed by his their physician physicians 

Using the degendered term "firefighter" for the old-fashioned "fireman" and 

eliminating the sexist "he" pronoun by casting the subject "applicant" into the 

plural eliminate the maleness of this sentence. 

‰ Let's try harder to meet our older customers' demands for personalized service. 

The word "older" implies that these customers are somehow more 

unreasonable, and that's certainly not true. After all, don't ALL customers 

deserve better service? 

‰ Despite her cerebral palsy, Cheryl Kama was promoted to office manager. 

Focusing on Ms. Kama's physical challenges diminishes the dedication and 

intelligence she must've put into the job to be worthy of her promotion. 

I found very interesting article about it, you can check the next website:http://emedia.leeward.hawaii.edu/hurley/modules/mod5/5_docs/bias.pdf

Post 1 chapters 10,12

Managing your voice during your speech.
Public speaking is at the top of many people’s lists of most feared activities. When you are nervous, your voice may begin to quaver or crack. You might begin to mumble, cough or even stutter. The voice is a powerful tool that, when used correctly, can be convincing and motivate others to action. Learning to control your voice even when nervous can greatly enhance your success.
1. Modulate the volume. Stage actors use a technique called projecting the voice, in which the voice is drawn from deep within the diaphragm rather than higher in the throat. Projecting allows you to add volume without screaming or sounding raspy. If you have a microphone, test the volume setting well in advance.
2. Work on tonal quality and pitch. Some people have naturally high-pitched voices that can be grating at high volume. A naturally low-pitched voice can echo and be difficult to understand. Some people speak nasally. Record your voice and listen to the playback. Determine what features bother you and which you particularly like. Consciously shift your voice to address any issues.
3. Practice enunciating each word. Most people mumble from time to time. When first practicing your speech, pointedly overemphasize each syllable. As you get used to enunciating, drop the level of emphasis down to sound clear but not over-exaggerated.
4. Pace your speech. In casual conversation, the vocal tones ebb and flow. Our speech becomes more rapid when we are excited about a point. It slows down when we are processing new information. Read casually through your speech and note the changes in tone and speed. Strive to recreate that natural pacing when delivering your presentation.
5. Pay attention to your audience. Some ineffective presenters rush on stage, deliver the speech and rush out again without ever acknowledging that the audience exists. Instead, make eye contact, nod and smile at individuals within the group. Look for cues that the audience is getting restless, such as paper shuffling or yawns. Pause for laughter. An effective presenter adapts on the fly to audience cues.
6. Learn your subject matter. Rather than memorizing a speech, focus on internalizing the message. Use cue cards to jog your memory, if needed, but strive to talk rather than recite. Share your passion for the topic with your audience.

Read more: How to Use the Voice Effectively When Delivering an Oral Presentation | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/how_5882110_use-effectively-delivering-oral-presentation

Self-Evaluation Assignment #2

Hello, I like to do a self-evaluation assignment because I can improve myself for the next speech. I have been prepared but I need more time. My topic was about Ukraine and it's impossible to give a speech about it and tell what is really important having only 5 minutes.  I think that I achieved the purpose of my speech because I told revealed (unfold) the purpose and thesis of my speech, but I wanted to have more time for each point in the body of the speech. I felt very comfortable and confident because I knew that this topic might be interesting for my audience and it's pertain to their life because they can decide to visit this country as a tourists. If I have the chance to tell my speech again I will change my delivery and to put some accents on places where to go and why because I think it left unclear. My next speech I want to add more cites, facts and opinions of scientists. I want to learn something new from next chapters in the book and try to implement in my speech. My next goal for improving my speech in all steps will be trusting myself that I can do it in time limitation without rush or bustling . After watching my speech I noticed that these little cards with hints were very distracted and spent some time to find what to read and what to tell next and I understand that I have to try learn to tell my speech without cards or have just key words or somebodies expressions. 
I compared my previous evaluation for for the demonstrative speech with evaluation form for the informative speech and I found that I didn't say any fillers like "um", "uh". If rate my eye contact on a scale from 1-10 I would say it is 8 or 9. I don't know why but I was really surprised that I didn't have eye contact with my audience because I remember that I looked at my audience always except that tie when I switched my slides or read my cards, I remember faces of my classmates and smiles to me. I'd like to see my performance on video to see how was it from the side, I trust my teacher and her evaluation and next time I will try to be focused on audience all my speech. I know for sure that I don't have any problem with eye contact and in my previous speech I didn't have this problem but I admit that I could lost eye contact because had power point presentation and I was supposed to comment my slides and describe some things. So next time I'll do my best.   I forgot to tell in my intro in my speech that I was born in Ukraine and I have credibility to share info with my audience.   I  mentioned in the body of speech source citation, but I understand that it is not enough and I will do more. I know that my informative speech was built on the credible sources and I have written all of them in my outline. Once again it is hard to evaluate myself but I think that my grade would be B+ of A- because I worked really hard on my preparation, but I have to work more on my delivery part and eye contact.  I almost agree with my grade but thank you my teacher that she gives me a chance to grow more and do more job to get A next time and I have a good motivation. I think that this speech was better than my last speech because I told almost everything and I used power point presentation and it was more interesting for my classmates. I think I have to work more on my conclusion to make reviewing of main points more clear. So I will work more and harder. 

Post 3 Chapter 11

Reflect on a public speaking event you've attended recently, or one that you recall particularly well, in which the speaker used presentation media. How effective was the speaker's use of presentation media? How did the media add to the speech? Were there ways in which the presentation media detracted from the speech? How might the speaker have improved his or her use of presentation media?

I can remember a lot of interesting speeches because I remember the power point slides when speaker used for their speeches. It was unforgettable when one speaker had a persuasive speech about orphans who needs family and that speaker had a powerful and effective slides and I could fell his topic with all my body and soul and my decision was to do something, to make some decision. That speaker added his presentation media very skillful and his presentation wasn't detracted because I could hear his voice and the main idea was underlined by his presentation, it was kind of frame of his speech. It is a positive example of speech with media presentation. One of the negative example I remember in the school my classmate prepared a topic about heart pumping and her media presentation was very detracted and irritated because she broke all rules how to do the powerpoint presentation. She has chosen black background with the red letters on it with 18 size font and all her topic was written on one slide and nobody couldn't see it and she read her text about 15 minutes and everybody did nothing. 

It is a good example how to do something good and something bad when you can learn on somebody's mistakes. My way to make the slides is to compare all requirements with the book and I can see do I like it or I don't. I'm the best critique of myself but very often I ask a help of somebody because I need to have different opinion.

With digital visual and audio files, it's easy to alter an original photograph, video, song, or taped conversation.  What are a speaker's ethical responsibilities when developing presentation media for a speech?

When we are developing presentation media for a speech, we have the ethical responsibility to accurately represent facts as facts. We always responsible for citing someone's sources. All speakers now have the responsibility of verifying their original sources, observing copyright laws, finding the primary sources of their data, and refraining from altering original content. Many pictures and songs are used without permission, movies are pirated, works plagiarized, and quotes unacknowledged. That is why we must make sure that the cite we are getting this information from is credible. We not only need to make sure text is credible, but we also need to be sure that videos, photographs, songs, etc... are credible as well. When developing presentation media for a speech we have to tell our audience what was the original source and what we have changed. But if we altered something very successful or we took the idea for preparation own produce I believe that we can tell that you are credible source because you are inventor of your idea and produce.

Post 1 chapter 11

Pick one concept from the reading or videos, this week, and discuss it in detail.

Using Overhead Transparencies can be very useful for speech presentation. As long as you have an electrical outlet and the right equipment, overhead transparencies are a simple way to add a little tech to your presentation. The order of presentation can be quickly changed should you decide to take your speech in a different direction after talking with members of the audience before you start or as you present. Transparencies can be seen by a large crowd. And you can add notes to the edges to remind you what needs to be said in the narration.

Compared with slides, videos, and software presentations, overhead projectors are readily available. They can also be shown in fully lighted halls, so you do not risk having to turn lights down and have people doze. And you can mark up transparencies during the presentation to emphasize points or in response to questions. However, they often cannot be seen as well in the back of a large room, so ask in advance about the dimensions of the screen and room.

Use a white piece of paper to mask the writing on transparencies before you talk about each line, lest the audience read the whole sheet while you are still narrating the first point.                                                       To integrate overhead transparencies smoothly into your speech, apply the following guidelines:           - display your transparencies only when you talk about them. When you reach the point in your speech where you want to show the image, turn the projector on.                                                                       - number the sheets in the order you'll use them.                                                                                     - practice with your  transparencies before you give your speech. 

My source:

1. Overheads by Scott S.Smith (http://www.netplaces.com/public-speaking/visual-and-audio-aids/overheads.htm)

2. Public Speaking Stephanie J. Coopman and J. Lull

Chapter 13, 9 Post 3

What components, according to your book, go into an introduction and conclusion?  How are you going to use these ideas in your Informative Speech?  Please give specific examples!  Write out part of your intro and conclusion in your blog post.  

           In the introduction to the speech we gain our audience attention, explain what we want to accomplish in the speech, establish our self as an expert on the topic, and tell the audience what we are going to talk about. The introduction gets our audience ready to listen to the main ideas we will present in the body of the speech. 
           In the conclusion to our speech, we review the main points, reinforce the speech's general and specific purposes,  and provide closure so our audience knows our speech is over. In addition, integrating visual and auditory imagery in the conclusion can make our topic more memorable and reinforce our purpose. 
           Introduction:
How many of you want to be healthy?  How many of you find it a challenge to eat healthily because you are always running somewhere such as from work to school or from school to another activity?  Most of us are.  Today we will discuss ways you can incorporate healthy eating into your lifestyle even if you are always on the go.  Packing a lunch, choosing restaurants wisely, and keeping nutritious snacks on hand are a just a few of the ways you can still manage to eat something decent while maintaining a hectic pace. 
          Conclusion
Today we have looked at various options for eating healthy on the go.  We have learned how packing a lunch, choosing a restaurant and entrée wisely, and keeping nutritious snacks on hand can all contribute to better eating habits even with a busy lifestyle.  So the next time you think about heading to the drive-through to order that burger and fries consider this:  with just a little planning you can enjoy a meal that’s delicious.

Chapter 13, 9 Post 2

Speech Buddy:  Review the following Interactive Videos"  9.1, 9.2, 13.1A, 13.1B, and "Use It" 13.1 on the Interactive Video website.  Respond to the ideas in the videos. What did you learn that could be helpful for your next speech?

After watching all of the videos I want to begin write my inform speech. Every videos were very useful and interesting and I wrote down some things which I can use in my preparation. 
In video 9.1. was said about introduction and how to make it interesting, what we have to put in the introduction. The most important what I took for myself about introduction that in the introduction we have to establish the purpose and thesis, preview main points and get attention of the audience using speech tools such as telling an interesting story, giving a surprising fact or statistics or humor. 
In video 9.2. I recognized again how conclusion should be done and the main parts of the conclusion. In the conclusion we have to review the main points, reinforce the purpose and provide closure. Conclusion has to have a statement and a key idea to remind the whole purpose of the speech.
In videos of the chapter 13 my attention was taken immediately in the beginning of the speeches, because one speaker used camera and she took the picture of her audience in the beginning and it was very unusual. But at the same time her action can works against her because some of the people don't want to be in the picture and all her speech they can think about it. She didn't ask a permission to take a picture, so we have to be very careful when we want to use something for getting attention of the people because it can be also very distracted. I found that I was bored to hear all informative speech about camera it was kind of all in the same key and I barely fell asleep. In the speech about techno music the speaker skillfully used his power point slides which helped me to comprehend his information. He did a good eye contact and his speech was content. The topic about "what is kosher" made me more educated. Right now I know what is it and I really like that the speaker used the Bible as the credible source about that facts which she told us in her speech. She had a good introduction using the question do I know really what is it and a good conclusion that knowing what it means we can help people to figure it out. I liked her power point slides and the body of her speech. 
Knowing all this details I will try to make a good informative speech. So it's time to start work on it.  

Chapter 13, 9 Post 1

Pick one concept from the reading this week and discuss it in detail.

            In every speech we have our conclusion and often we can have a question how to wrap up the speech and what should you say to make your speech unforgettable. I have chosen the concept of developing our conclusion, because I struggle to make it up. 

            Strategies for Writing a Conclusion

Conclusions are often the most difficult part of an essay to write, and many writers feel that they have nothing left to say after having written the paper. A writer needs to keep in mind that the conclusion is often what a reader remembers best. Our conclusion should be the best part of your paper.
           Show your readers why this paper was important. Show them that your paper was meaningful and useful.

A conclusion should

- stress the importance of the thesis statement,

- give the speech a sense of completeness, and

- leave a final impression on the reader.

         Suggestions

- Answer the question "So What?"

- Synthesize, don't summarize

- Don't simply repeat things that were in your paper. They have read it. Show them how the points you made and the support and examples you used were not random, but fit together.

- Give your reader something to think about, perhaps a way to use your paper in the "real" world. If your introduction went from general to specific, make your conclusion go from specific to general. Think globally.

         In the conclusion to your speech, you review the main points, reinforce the speech's general and specific purpose, and provide closure so your audience knows your speech is over. In addition, integrating visual and auditory imagery  in the conclusion can make your topic more memorable and reiforce your purpose. 

self-evaluation Assignment 1

It is really hard to self-evaluate myself, but I will try to be unprejudiced. I have been prepared very well but it was really hard to tell everything what I prepared in 4-5 minutes, so I have to work on speech with time limitation. I think that I achieved the purpose of my speech pretty well because I fold the main idea of my topic (second degree burn) but I really didn't like my demonstration part of my speech, because I was limited by time and I couldn't show how to treat the burn, but that was demonstrative speech, so I didn't achieved the purpose of the main idea of the demonstrative speech. I know I was so nervous and at the same time I felt very comfortable and confident, I like my audience and I trust them, it's like a little family. If I would have the chance to tell my speech again I would change my delivery, I would change the order of my main points and definitely I wanted to show what I prepared without limitation of the time. For improving of the next speech I would like to add more facts and opinions of scientists but I have very difficult topic and I need to think how to do it. Also I want to attract the attention in my speech and it should be something captivating. My next goal for improving the delivery will be accuracy, calmness and thoroughness. After watching my speech I noticed that I thought about the time, how many I have told and how much time left and sometimes I was distracted by the cards with the minutes on it and I have asked myself: "does anybody understand what I am telling?"
I don't like when somebody substitute the words with fillers, "um", "uh" and I did same thing. I never do this when I have speech in Russian language but I don't have any excuses because I have to work on it. I had vocal fillers like "um", "uh" because I try to translate something and in my brain pops up a lot of words and I try to find precise word to express what I really want to say. If rate my eye contact on a scale from 1-10 I would say it is 8 or 9. I like to see in the eyes of my audience because I can see their reaction on my speech and I can read their face, it helps me to be calm. I know that I didn't mention any of source citations during the course of my speech because I didn't know that I have to do it but in my next speech I will do this. I know that my demonstration speech was built on the credible sources and I have written all of them in my outline, but it was a good lesson for me that I have to have a reliable source for my audience. As I said it hard to evaluate myself but I think that my grade would be B+ of A- because I worked really hard on my preparation but I understand that for grade A my English language should be excellent and understandable, also I have to avoid vocal fillers  and I have to put my speech in the time frame and absolutely I have to show my demonstration not only tell it. In short word I agree with my grade and I have a good motivation to work more and take into consideration all comments in my evaluation form to improve my grade in my informative speech. 

Post 3 Chapter 7, 8

Pick one concept from the reading this week and discuss it in detail.
Every time when I prepare my speech I think how to connect one part with the other. And transition between main points in the book was very helpful to read it up and practice on it. I understand that transitions play an important role in creating coherence. The most convincing ideas in the world, expressed in the most beautiful sentences, will move no one unless those ideas are properly connected. Providing transitions between ideas is largely a matter of attitude. You must never assume that your readers know what you know. In fact, it's a good idea to assume not only that your readers need all the information that you have and need to know how you arrived at the point you're at, but also that they are not quite as quick as you are. Your readers need some stepping stones and be sure to place them in readily accessible and visible spots.

There are four basic mechanical considerations in providing transitions between ideas: using transitional expressions, repeating key words and phrases, using pronoun reference, and using parallel form.

1.Transitional tags run the gamut from the most simple — the little conjunctions: and, but, nor, for, yet, or, (and sometimes) so — to more complex signals that ideas are somehow connected — the conjunctive adverbs and transitional expressions such as however, moreover, nevertheless, on the other hand.

The ability to connect ideas by means of repetition of key words and phrases sometimes meets a natural resistance based on the fear of being repetitive. We've been trained to loathe redundancy. Now we must learn that catching a word or phrase that's important to a reader's comprehension of a piece and replaying that word or phrase creates a musical motif in that reader's head. Unless it is overworked and obtrusive, repetition lends itself to a sense of coherence. 

We can reach self with different types of transitions which was described in the table 8.4. on the page 158 of our textbook: ordering, reinforcing, contrasting, chronology/time, causality, summarizing/concluding.  

Post 2 Chapter 7, 8

When do you find that giving facts and statistics are most effective in a speech? When are giving facts and statistics not as effective?
                I think that facts and statistics are most effective in persuasive and informative speeches. Speakers typically rely on facts and statistics when making a logical appeal. Your facts, observations you make based on your experiences. Statistics are numeral data or information. Statistics is the study of the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data.It deals with all aspects of this, including the planning of data collection in terms of the design of surveys and experiments. If you know how to use statistic and facts it will make the speech very interesting and persuasive. Statistic and facts are showing us why should we believe to speaker and this type of supportive materials make us more credible in the face of the audience. Using facts and statistics in speeches is a great way to support your opinion. Facts and statistics clearly appeal to an audience's logical thinking processes. These supportive materials show listeners the scope of problem and can demonstrate a topic's importance. But giving too many facts and statistics are not as effective, especially without using presentation media to show all numbers and figures, can overwhelm the audience. In addition, facts and statistics may be interpreted - an misinterpreted - in many ways. 

Post 1 Chapter 7, 8

In regards to the following Speech Buddy videos, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1 and 8.2:  What did you learn that could be helpful in your speech? 

           I think that for my speech to bolster my position could be helpful a reliable supportive materials. What is that? We can watch about it more in the video 7.1. These are narratives, examples, definitions, testimony, facts, and statistics. We can use all supportive materials when we do a research of our topic to inform, persuade, and entertain our audience. Supportive materials provide evidence for our ideas. 
The textbook and video made clarification about difference of all these supportive materials and I can try to include it in my speech bolster my position. I understood that sometimes supportive materials have weaknesses and strengths and I will be very careful to implement testimony or examples because it can be distracted from the main idea of the topic. And even for myself hard to comprehend statistics and facts and much better to prepare slideshow, something visual to help people not only hear but also to see the information for better memorization. 
           In the video 7.2. was  good reminder that media doesn't have a good credibility today and there is a necessity to check all information especially if it's the articles in the newspaper or in the magazines, or in the Internet. 
          In the video 8.1. we found different patterns of organizations which are structures for ordering the main points of your speech that help audience members understand the relationships among our ideas. We know chronological, spatial, topical, narrative, cause-and-effect, problem-solution, Monroe's Motivated Sequence. Before watching this video I didn't know all these types patterns, but I used in practice only chronological and problem-solution, especially if my speech was about restoration of relationship between God and people I can talk about the sin as a problem which destroyed this relationship and Jesus Christ as a solution, because He is a bridge between people and God an this solution as a way to restore relationship with God. That was only example how I used this pattern in my speech to the audience.
       And transition in video 8.2. play an important role in creating coherence. For me as a speaker is a big problem to connect different parts of my speech. In the video we can learn on the examples how to use transitions in our speech. Transitions help direct our audience from one idea or part of our speech to the next. Transition help us to exit from the body of the speech to the conclusion. And what we really need to practice is to use different types of transition in our speeches such as: ordering (first, second, next, finally), reinforcing (also, in addition, moreover), contrasting (however, in contrast, whereas, instead), chronology/time (when, now, before), causality (therefore, so, since, for this reason), summarizing/concluding (in summary, finally, let's review).
         So I have enjoyed with all these video, because I have a raw material for practicing my skills and you my dear friends will estimate my attempts and I will be growing with you guys in public speaking class.  

Chapter 5 Post 3

Pick one concept from the reading this week and discuss it in detail.

I have chosen the last concept of the Chapter 5 "Developing Credibility with your audience". If we want to have an effective speech appearing credible is critical to our success. Can the audience trust you when you speak to them? An effective speaker has a high level of trustworthiness which the politicians call credibility and Aristotle called ethos.  To earn credibility, the speaker has to build a speech with excellent sources that is tailored to meet the specific needs of the audience, and then deliver that speech with confidence and excellent presentation skills.  Contemporary speakers must work harder to establish
their ethos.  Credibility in contemporary times is any combination of impressions or perceptual factors with the audience invests the speaker.  In other words, the speaker cannot insist that the audience find them credible.  Members of the audience are going to make up their own minds about whether they believe the speaker to be truthful.  The speaker has to create an image as a person worthy of trust by doing solid research, developing a presentation that clearly meets audience expectations, and is emotionally engaging.  If all goes well, the audience will endow the speaker with positive ethos. .
Some elements of credibility that were important from Aristotle’s time and continue to be important today include goodwill, intelligence, competence, dynamism, and honesty.
       Goodwill is how the audience perceives the speaker’s concern for their well-being. Politicians running for office promising to lower obviously care about their constituents’ financial problems, right?  The point is to make the audience understand that the speech is not about the speaker; that it is about the audience, regardless of the topic. A speaker without dynamism may appear to be bored with their own
speech.  The audience must believe that the speaker is not lying to them.  Perceived honesty is a measure of how truthful the speaker seems to be about their sources of information and their use of testimony, the conclusions they reach and their concern for the audience. 
A speaker who looks confident, is stunningly dressed, wears an open, friendly expression, and strides with mastery to the podium will already have a positive ethos before saying a word.  If that same speaker then says to the audience, “I’m so nervous”, all of that positive credibility could be wiped out.

Competence, trustworthiness, dynamism, and sociability work together to form a speaker's credibility.

My sources:
1. How to establish credibility as a public speaker http://www.fountainheadpress.com/contentresources/ethos_credibility.pdf)
2. Public Speaking 2nd edition, Stephanie J. Coopman and James Lull

Chapter 5 Post 2

 Discuss the importance of audience analysis and audience adaptation in the speech development process.  Also discuss how you plan on using audience analysis in your speech.

       Audience analysis and audience adaptation in the speech development process is very important. We understand that analyzing the audience won't guarantee a successful speech, but it's critical step  toward creating a favorable speech. Audience analysis is a task that is often performed by technical writers in a project's early stages. It consists of assessing the audience to make sure the information provided to them is at the appropriate level. The audience is often referred to as the end-user, and all communications need to be targeted towards the defined audience. Defining an audience requires the consideration of many factors, such as age, culture and knowledge of the subject (Wikipedia).Audience analysis involves gathering and interpreting information about the recipients of oral, written, or visual communication.

Almost unconsciously we make decisions about audience daily. We might, for example, notice that we talk to very young children differently than to adults. Or, we might talk to our coworkers in very different ways than to our managers. Despite, or perhaps because of, the unconscious manner of these audience adaptation strategies, we rarely consider either how or why we make such decisions.

       But, we do make them.  All aspects of that process, from dress to speech to text to supporting information (visuals, models, etc.) change as we confront different audiences. Similarly, we know that marketers and politicians tailor their messages for specific segments of their "audience."

Analyzing your audience means anticipating their needs and interests and designing a strategy to respond to them. Adapting to your audience requires thorough analysis. The audience members represent many different backgrounds, knowledge levels, and interests. Being considerate of everyone in the audience is a key qualityof successful public public speaker.

In the speech development process we have to Ask yourself some key questions:•      Is your audience captive or voluntary?
•      Demographically speaking, who is your audience?•      How interested is your audience likely to be in your topic?•      How much do they already know about your topic?•      What are your audience’s attitudes, beliefs, and values?
Good Audience Analysis consists of three general issues:
•     audience-centered
•     egocentricity
•     adaptation
 
Audience-centered:
•      The primary purpose of public speaking is to gain a desired response from your listeners. 
•      Try to determine who your listeners are.
•      Try to determine how they might react toward your topic.
People are “egocentric”
•      They pay closest attention to messages that affect their own values, beliefs, and well-being. 
•      No one can FORCE an audience to pay attention to a speech. 
•      But, they will generally pay closer attention to a speech that seems to relate to them or may possibly solve their own problems.
 
 Audience Adaptation
•      The process of customizing your message to fit a specific audience. 
•      Audience adaptation is not merely saying what you think your listeners want to hear; rather, it is saying what your listeners need to hear in order to pay attention to you.
 Audience Demographics
1. Age
2. Gender
3. Educational Level
4. Racial, ethnic, or cultural background
5. Religion
6. Group Affiliations
 
Situational Audience Analysis
•      1. Size
•      2. Physical Setting
•      3. Disposition (toward the topic, the speaker, and toward the occasion)
Trying to determine the motivations, attitudes, beliefs, and values that influence the behavior of the listeners.
Motivation
•      “the force that impels us to action” and makes us want to achieve our goals.
•      Making people aware of a need and then how to satisfy it
Attitudes = “our feelings about 
•      beliefs and values.
Beliefs = things we know or that we think we know to be true at a particular point in time a speaker can alter a listener’s beliefs.
Values = how we think we should behave or what we regard as an ideal state of being--rarely can a speaker alter a listener’s value structure

               

Chapter 5 Post 1

Speech Buddy:  Review Drinking and Light Pollution Videos on the Speech Buddy website in accordance with Chapter 5.  Respond to each video.  What did the speaker to well?  What can you learn from watching these videos?

        After reviewing drinking and light pollution videos on the Speech Buddy website in accordance Chapter 5   I found some commonality in the purpose of these speeches and the purposes of these speeches are persuade the audience about something and to show the way how to reduce the risk for the environment.

       In the light pollution video is a very good introduction where Courtney Stillman described the problem of pollution and urged the audience to immediate action. This video was duration only 38 seconds and in this video I could analyze only introduction. In the drinking video  the topic was well-prepared and there was the introduction which attracted my attention because the speaker used a statistics to show me that drinking can cause a fatal automobile accidents and I'm a driver and I have to know and estimate the situation on the road and probably predict what can happen if somebody will be drunk, but my father couldn't do anything when he was as a passenger in the car and the driver of the other car who was drunk crashed into the front of the car where my father was sitting. I agree with the speaker that we have to think about people who are around us. He showed a good statistics and he used a credible source such as the National Highway Traffic and Safety Administration. I liked the speaker's research about variety of problems with our body. 

       From watching these videos I can learn how to make transition between different parts of the speech, how to connect introduction with the body and to lend to the conclusion of the topic. Also I think is very important to show the goal of our speech in the introduction and to catch the attention of the audience through the story or statistics and we have to show the main problem, why do they have to listen to me and we is this topic so important for the audience.

What did I learn that was helpful? What information from videos will I use in the preparation process for my speeches in this course?

      Everybody can agree with me that the fast way and easiest way to get some information is Internet. Yes, this is a very good source for our preparation but not the most reliable. After watching all videos in chapter six I realized that if I want to prepare a good speech or public topic I have to use different sources such as print and non-print, organizations, interviews, academic journals, magazines, newspaper, gornment publications. What I like in the video is the methods of gathetring materials and impementing in practice how to evaluate your information through the criteria such as realibility, validity, and currency. In the video speech "terrestrial pulmonate gastropod" I found very intresting how the speaker involved me in her speech, how she attracted my attention. In the first I found a slews of new words for myself, second, she depicted intriguing introduction in her topic and I ask myself, what is she talking about? I wanted listen to her speech to the very end. She had very seductive voice and different tone. What was interesting for myself that this speaker was spoken her speech with a passion, she wanted to tell me something about the slugs and she provided a very extended information about them. She did a huge research to prepare her topic and her speech was very cognitive. I found a lot of intresting facts about the slugs and after her speech I wasnted to read about the slugs and to get more information or just to check her facts how true they are. Also the speaker had a very good eyes contact with audience what is very important, she was very persuasive.
      In the preparation process for my speeches I will do a deep research, geather information, and evaluate all information.I will determine what I know and what I don't know about the topic and I will evaluate all info for realibility, validity, and currency.